1. What should be done if Eid coincides with Friday
If Eid al-Fitr coincides with Friday, is it permissible for me to pray the Eid prayer and not to pray Jumu'ah or vice versa?
Praise be to Allaah.
If the day of Eid coincides with Friday, then whoever prays Eid with the imaam does not have to attend Jumu'ah (it is not obligatory on him); in his case it becomes Sunnah. If he does not pray Jumu'ah, he has to pray Zuhr. This is in the case of people other than the imaam. As for the imaam, he has to be present for Jumu'ah and lead those Muslims who attend the prayer. The Jumu'ah prayer should not be forsaken completely on this day.
Shaykh Saalih ibn Fawzaan al-Fawzaan
2. They are living in the west and do not know about any poor people –can they send their zakaat al-fitr to another country?
We are Saudis living in Europe and we do not know about any poor people here. We have found a person who is trustworthy – in sha Allaah – who said, "Give me the money and I will buy rice with some of it and give it to the poor and I will give some of it to them in cash. His argument is that there are more then 500 of us and it will be too difficult for him to buy such a large amount as it will be too difficult to carry it, and because the poor may not want anything but money because they can make more use of it than they can of rice. Should we give him the money or should we delegate our brothers in Saudi to give it on our behalf?
Praise be to Allaah. The majority of scholars (including Maalik, al-Shaafa'i and Ahmad) are of the view that it is not permissible to give zakaat al-fitr in the form of cash, rather it must be given in the form of food, as was enjoined by the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Al-Bukhaari (1504) and Muslim (984) narrated from Ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) enjoined zakaat al-fitr, one saa' of dates or a saa' of barley, for everyone, free or slave, male or female, of the Muslims.
Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked: Many of the poor nowadays say that they prefer to receive zakaat al-fitr in the form of cash instead of food, because it is more useful to them. Is it permissible to give zakaat al-fitr in the form of cash?
He replied:
What we think is that it is not permissible to give zakaat al-fitr in the form of cash under any circumstances, rather it must be given in the form of food. If the poor man wants to sell the food and make use of its price, he may do so, but the one who is giving this zakaah has to give it in the form of food. It does not matter if it is the kinds of food that were known at the time of the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) or is a kind of food that is known nowadays. Rice nowadays may be more beneficial than wheat, because with rice one does not need to go to the effort of grinding it and making dough, and so on. The purpose is to benefit the poor. It was narrated in Saheeh al-Bukhaari that Abu Sa'eed (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: At the time of the Messenger of Allaah(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) we used to give (as zakaat al-fitr) a saa' of foodstuff, and our food at that time was dates, barley, raisins and dried yogurt. So if a person gives it in the form of food, he should choose a food that will most beneficial to the poor; this will vary from one time and place to another.
With regard to giving it in the form of cash, clothing, furnishings or tools, this is not sufficient and does not discharge the obligation, because the Prophet(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "Whoever does an action that is not part of this matter of ours will have it rejected."
End quote. Majmoo' Fataawa Ibn 'Uthaymeen, 18/question no. 191.
Based on this, if this person is trustworthy then you can stipulate that he has to give it all in the form of food. If he does not accept that, then you should give whatever you can to the poor of the land in which you are staying. Then there is nothing wrong with sending the rest of the zakaah to another country. It is not essential for it to be sent to your country of origin, rather if you send it to wherever the need and poverty is greatest, or to relatives, that will be better.
In the answer to question no. 43146 we stated that there is nothing wrong with sending zakaah to another country when there is a need, such as sending it to a land where there are relatives of the donor, or to a land where the need is greater.
Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen was asked: Can a person living in the west give zakaat al-fitr on behalf of his family, knowing that they have given it on behalf of themselves?
He replied: zakaat al-fitr – which is a saa' of food such as rice, wheat, dates or other foodstuffs, is something which each person should give on behalf of himself, as is the case with other obligatory duties, because Ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) enjoined sadaqat al-fitr upon the Muslims, free and slave, male and female, young and old, and he enjoined that it be given before the people go out to the prayer.
If the members of a household have given it on behalf of themselves, there is no need for a man who is away from his family to give it on their behalf. Rather he should give it on behalf of himself only, in the place where he is staying, if there are Muslims there who are entitled to this charity. If there is no one there who is entitled to it, then he should delegate his family to give it on his behalf in his homeland. And Allaah is the Source of strength.
End quote. Majmoo' Fataawa Ibn 'Uthaymeen, 18/question no. 771
He was also asked: What is the ruling on sending zakaat al-fitr to distant countries on the grounds that there are many poor people there?
He replied:
There is nothing wrong with sending zakaat al-fitr to another country on the grounds that there are no poor people in one's own country. But if that is done even though there are poor people who need it in one's own country, then it is not permissible.
End quote. Majmoo' Fataawa Ibn 'Uthaymeen, 18/question no. 102
There follows a fatwa from the scholars of the Standing Committee which deals wwith these matters and more:
The amount of zakaat al-fitr is one saa' of dates, barley, raisins, dried yogurt or other foodstuff, and it should be given on the night before Eid, until before the Eid prayer. It is also permissible to give it two or three days in advance. It should be given to the poor Muslims in the land where it is given, but it is permissible to send it to the poor in another land if the need is greater. It is permissible for the imam of the mosque and other trustworthy people to collect it and distribute it to the poor, so long as they make sure it reaches them before the Eid prayer. It is not connected to inflation, rather the amount is set in sharee'ah as one saa'. Whoever does not have anything but food for the day of Eid for himself and for those on whom he is obliged to spend, does not have to give zakaat al-fitr. It is not permissible to use it for building mosques or other charitable projects.
Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa'imah, 9/369, 370.
We have already quoted the fatwas of scholars which state that zakaat al-fitr is obligatory, how much is to be given, that it is not permissible to give it in cash, and that it is permissible to send it to countries where the need is greater, in the answers to the following questions: 22888, 27016, 7175 and12938
3. Will every Muslim enter Paradise, even if he was a hypocrite or did not pray or committed shirk?
Will all the Muslims, including the hypocrites, those who did not pray and those who committed shirk, enter Paradise after spending some time in Hell?
Praise be to Allah.
We should understand properly the general principle concerning this matter, the matter of entering Paradise and spending eternity in Hell. It is a simple matter that is explained in a brief hadeeth that was narrated by Muslim in his Saheeh (135) from Jaabir (may Allah be pleased with him) who said: A man came to the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) and said: O Messenger of Allah, what are the two deeds that make entering Paradise or Hell inevitable?
He said: "Whoever dies not associating anything with Allah will enter Paradise, and whoever dies associating anything with Allah will enter Hell."
An-Nawawi said: With regard to the words, "What are the two deeds that make entering Paradise or Hell inevitable?" what is meant are the characteristic that makes Paradise inevitable and the characteristic that makes Hell inevitable. End quote.
This hadeeth explains that what makes it inevitable that a person will enter Paradise is if he dies believing in Tawheed, and what makes it inevitable that a person will spend eternity in Hell is if he dies believing in shirk.
This is a definitive principle that is well-known and well established in the religion of Islam. There are mutawaatir texts which confirm and affirm it. Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):
"Verily, Allah forgives not that partners should be set up with him in worship, but He forgives except that (anything else) to whom He pleases, and whoever sets up partners with Allah in worship, he has indeed invented a tremendous sin"
[an-Nisa' 4:48].
The Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) explained, in the hadeeth about intercession, the situation of the sinners in Hell, and he explained that no one will be brought out of Hell except those who died believing in Tawheed and uttered the Shahaadah (testimony of faith), and had in their hearts something of faith: "There will be brought out of the Fire anyone who said, Laa ilaaha ill-Allah (there is no god but Allah) and had in his heart goodness equal to the weight of a grain of barley. Then there will be brought out of the Fire anyone who said Laa ilaaha ill-Allah (there is no god but Allah) and had in his heart goodness equal to the weight of a grain of wheat. Then there will be brought out of the Fire anyone who said Laa ilaaha ill-Allah (there is no god but Allah) and had in his heart goodness equal to the weight of a small ant."
Narrated by al-Bukhaari, 6861; Muslim, 285.
Based on that, we can find out the situation of those mentioned in the question.
1.
If a person fell into major shirk, whether he was originally a mushrik like the Jews, Christians, Buddhists and other types of disbelievers, or he was a Muslim then he apostatised from Islam by falling into major shirk – as mentioned in the question – then his claim to belong to Islam or his having a Muslim name will be of no benefit to him, and neither will any good deeds that he did and so on, if he fell into major shirk and died in that state without having repented. Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):
"And indeed it has been revealed to you (O Muhammad SAW), as it was to those (Allahs Messengers) before you: 'If you join others in worship with Allah, (then) surely (all) your deeds will be in vain, and you will certainly be among the losers.'
Nay! But worship Allah (Alone and none else), and be among the grateful"
[az-Zumar 39:65-66].
2.
The one who does not pray at all, either in his house or in the mosque, and does not attend Jumu'ah or prayers in congregation, has also rendered his good deeds invalid and has falling into kufr by not praying at all. The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: "The covenant that stands between us and them – i.e., the characteristic that separates the Muslims from the disbelievers – is the prayer. Whoever does not pray has disbelieved."
Narrated by at-Tirmidhi, 2545; an-Nasaa'i, 459. classed as saheeh by al-Albaani.
For more information on the kufr of the one who does not pray, see the answer to question no. 5208
3.
With regard to the hypocrites, if what is meant is the people of major hypocrisy, namely those who make a show of being believers in this world when they are concealing kufr in their hearts and hiding it from the people, they will be in a worse position than the kuffaar and mushrikeen. Hence their fate will be in the lowest levels of Hell, as Allah, may He be exalted, says (interpretation of the meaning):
"Verily, the hypocrites will be in the lowest depths (grade) of the Fire; no helper will you find for them"
[an-Nisa' 4:145].
4.
But if what you meant by hypocrites is those who fall into some acts of hypocrisy, such as lying or betraying a trust or breaking a promise; or he fell into some kind of minor shirk, such as showing off or swearing by something other than Allah; or who fell into some major or minor sin – such a person does not become a kaafir just by doing that thing. It does not put him beyond the pale of Islam and he will not spend eternity in Hell because of it, if he dies believing in Tawheed. Rather his case is up to Allah: if He wills He will punish him for his sin, then admit him to Paradise because of his belief in Tawheed, or He will bestow His grace upon him from the outset and admit him intoParadise and forgive him for the sins that he committed. Al-Bukhaari (6933) and Muslim (1659) narrated that Abu Dharr said: The Messenger of Allah (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: "Jibreel appeared to me at the side of the harrah and said: 'Give your ummah the glad tidings that whoever dies not associating anything with Allah will enter Paradise.' I said: 'O Jibreel, even if he steals and even if commits zina?' He said: 'Yes.' I said: 'Even if he steals and even if commits zina?' He said: 'Yes.' I said: 'Even if he steals and even if he commits zina?' He said: 'Yes, and even if he drinks alcohol.'"
And Allah knows best.
Sheikh Muhammed Salih Al-Munajjid
Islam Q&A
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